Codes and Conventions

Codes and Conventions: Editing

For the exam you will need to talk about the types of editing and the EFFECT that it has on the moving image in the question. You'll need to know all of the following things:
  • Cuts- these are the instant switches between shots, always use the word cut.
  • Transitions- these are switches between shots that take time, dissolves, fades or wipes.
  • Frequency and the rhythm of cuts- how often the cuts happen and whether they happen at the same time as actions out sounds.
  • Specific editing techniques- shot-reverse shot, cross cutting, action matches etc.

These are all elements of CONTINUITY EDITING, where editing is supposed to make sense of time and place for the viewer.
NON-CONTINUITY techniques include flashbacks/forward, montages etc.
  • Jump cut- a cut that suddenly shifts position or time unnaturally, in order to communicate that something is wrong.  
  • Crosscutting/ parallel editing- cross cutting between two sequences of action that are happening at the same time, often to like characters to both actions.
  • Cutaway- cutting to a brief shot in a sequence for a variety of technical or narrative reasons- it will be of a shot NOT covered in the master shot. 
  • Insert- similar to a cutaway but it will cut to a shot that IS covered by the master shot.
  • Dissolve- one shot blending into another with no fade in between. 
  • Fade-in- fading into a shot from a colour. 
  • Fade-out- fading out of a shot from a colour. 
  • Smash cut- cutting to or from something very intense, very abrupt. 
  • Iris cut- looks like a sense shouting. 
  • Invisible cut- The cuts are hidden in black or pans. 
  • J-cut- when you hear whats going on before you see whats going on. 
  • L-cut- when you see whats going on before you hear it.
Image result for jumanji

Jumanji clip analysis:   

00:50- There is an L cut where we see the biker riding before we actually hear the sound of the bikes coming towards the main characters. This shot helps to establish the enemy in the situation and foreshadows the events that are about to happen.

02:27- There is a hidden cut of two of the main male characters and then to the bikers. In the case of this clip the cut is hidden in the pan from the protagonists to the bikers. The effect of this cut is that it gives the impressing of a turning head and also keeps the action flowing, furthermore the shot also gives the impressing that the protagonists and the antagonists are close by which raises the danger of the scene.

Throughout- All through this clip the pace of the cutting is very high, there are many short fast cuts which make the pace of the scene very high. This makes the whole scene action pact and tense, there are multiple smash cuts used in this clip in order keep the heightened pace of the scene.

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